Pope Leo Warns of Global Drift Toward Conflict, Urges Renewal of Dialogue and Human Dignity

Vatican City, January 9, 2026 — In an extensive address to the Diplomatic Corps in Rome, Pope Leo XIV invoked the enduring wisdom of Saint Augustine’s City of God to frame today’s geopolitical and ethical challenges. Drawing parallels between the collapse of Rome in 410 AD and current global instability, the Pope warned that pride and self-interest—what Augustine termed amor sui—continue to fuel division and violence.

The Pontiff lamented the erosion of multilateral diplomacy, noting that “war is back in vogue” and that peace is increasingly pursued through weapons rather than dialogue. He called this trend a grave threat to the rule of law and international order. “Peace is no longer sought as a gift and a desirable good in itself,” he said, urging nations to recommit to the principles that inspired the United Nations after World War II.

Pope Leo XIV highlighted humanitarian law as a non-negotiable safeguard, condemning attacks on civilians and essential infrastructure. He warned that violations of human dignity—whether through war crimes, persecution, or ideological coercion—signal a dangerous “short circuit” in the global human rights framework.

The address also touched on cultural and moral concerns, including the weakening of language and freedom of expression. The Pope criticised the rise of “Orwellian-style” discourse that excludes dissenting voices and reaffirmed the importance of conscientious objection and religious liberty, which he called “the first of all human rights.” He expressed alarm at growing restrictions on these freedoms and the persecution of Christians, which affects over 380 million believers worldwide.

He emphasised that exercising conscientious objection —such as refusing military service or declining to perform abortions or euthanasia—is not an act of rebellion but a commitment to personal integrity. This right, he said, balances collective interests with individual dignity and safeguards diversity against authoritarian tendencies.

Turning to social issues, the Pope defended the sanctity of life and the family, strongly rejecting practices such as abortion and surrogacy, and advocating for policies that support mothers, families, and vulnerable individuals. He also called for global efforts to combat drug addiction and abolish the death penalty.

Despite the sobering tone, Pope Leo XIV offered hope, citing recent peace initiatives in Bosnia and the South Caucasus as “seeds of peace that need to be cultivated.” He concluded with a call for humility and courage in peace-making: “A humble and peace-loving heart is what I wish for each of us and for all who dwell in our countries at the beginning of this New Year.”

Image: Associated Press/Alamy Stock Photo